| Meru towers, with their distinctive multi-tiered roofs, are a hallmark of Balinese temple architecture. These towers are not just architectural marvels but are deeply symbolic, representing Mount Mahameru, the sacred mountain in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology. |
The number of tiers on a Meru tower is always an odd number, signifying the importance of the deity it is dedicated to. The roofs are traditionally made from the black fibers of the sugar palm tree, known as ijuk.
In Balinese culture, temples are not just places of worship but are integral to the community’s social and spiritual life. The Meru towers, with their towering presence, serve as a focal point during religious ceremonies and festivals. They are often adorned with offerings and decorations, reflecting the community’s devotion and reverence for the deities.
Tanah Lot Temple
Tanah Lot Temple, or Pura Tanah Lot, is one of Bali’s most iconic landmarks. Situated on a large offshore rock, it is a stunning example of Balinese sea temples. The name “Tanah Lot” translates to “Land in the Sea,” reflecting its unique location.
The temple dates back to the 16th century and is attributed to the Hindu priest Dang Hyang Nirartha. According to legend, Nirartha was traveling along the south coast of Bali when he saw the rock island’s beauty and decided to spend the night there. He felt it was a holy place to worship the Balinese sea gods and instructed local fishermen to build a shrine on the rock.
Tanah Lot is one of seven sea temples built along the Balinese coast, each within sight of the next, forming a chain to protect the island from evil spirits. The main deity of the temple is Dewa Baruna or Bhatara Segara, the sea god.
At the base of the rocky island, venomous sea snakes are believed to guard the temple from evil spirits and intruders. These snakes are considered sacred and are one of the temple’s unique attractions. There is a cave with a “holy snake” that visitors can see for a small fee. This black and white ringed sea snake is highly venomous but not aggressive. Despite being surrounded by saltwater, there is a freshwater spring at the base of the rock. This spring is considered sacred and is used for purification rituals.
The temple is only accessible on foot at low tide. During high tide, the rock appears to float on the sea, creating a dramatic and picturesque scene. Tanah Lot is famous for its stunning sunset views. The sight of the temple silhouetted against the setting sun is a must-see for visitors. The path to the temple is lined with Balinese market-format souvenir shops, and there are restaurants on the mainland clifftops offering views of the temple.
More Meru Towers
Other notable examples of Meru towers include Pura Besakih, known as Bali’s mother temple, which is the largest and holiest temple complex on the island. It features several impressive Meru towers, including one with eleven tiers dedicated to the supreme god, Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa.
Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, located on the shores of Lake Bratan, is dedicated to the lake goddess, Dewi Danu. Its iconic Meru towers are often depicted in photographs and postcards of Bali.
Pura Taman Ayun, a royal temple in Mengwi, is renowned for its beautiful garden and multi-tiered Meru towers. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist destination.
| Did You know? The entire country shuts down on the Balinese New Year “Nyepi” for 24 hours to create silence. The main temple of Tanah Lot is not open to the public.Bali has over 20,000 temples. The stone temples are called “Pura”. |
Ceremonies and Events
Balinese temples host numerous ceremonies and events throughout the year, many of which are tied to the island’s unique calendar systems. Some notable ceremonies that occur in February and March include Saraswati Day, celebrated once every 210 days and dedicated to Dewi Saraswati, the Goddess of knowledge.
On this day, locals, especially school children, pray to the goddess and show appreciation for the gift of knowledge by making offerings to their books and reading at their homes or temples.
Bhatara Turun Kabeh is an important cultural event that takes place during the 10th lunar month in Bali, usually around March. During this period, every Balinese Hindu family must visit Pura Besakih, the island’s largest and most important temple.
Galungan and Kuningan are festivities that mark the beginning of the Pawukon year and celebrate the creation of the universe and the victory of good (Dharma) over evil (Adharma).
Galungan is celebrated on a Wednesday, with preparations starting on the previous Monday. The celebrations last for ten days and end with Kuningan, which celebrates purification.
When visiting a Balinese temple, it is essential to observe proper decorum by dressing modestly, wearing clothing that covers your shoulders and knees. Sarongs and sashes are often provided at the temple entrance. Remove your shoes before entering the temple grounds. Maintain a respectful silence, especially during ceremonies. Avoid pointing at sacred objects or people, as it is considered disrespectful.
Meru towers are more than just architectural features; they are the center of the cultural and spiritual heritage of Bali.
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So, next time you find yourself in Bali, take the time to explore these magnificent temples and immerse yourself in Bali.
About the Author
Max Reynolds is well known for writing about East Asian cultures, renowned for captivating articles that transport readers to the enchanting landscapes and vibrant cities of Asia. With his help, you can always expect to uncover the hidden gems and cultural nuances of this captivating region.
Drawing from an extensive background in anthropology and history, Max's articles provide a rich tapestry of insights into the diverse societies, traditions, and historical contexts that shape East Asia. Meticulous research and unwavering attention to detail ensure that readers can rely on the accuracy and authenticity of his work.